Nutrition for the pregnant woman consist of eating a well balanced diet based on the basic four food groups. Specific needs for pregnancy and lactation are noted in additional requirements listed in the RDA.
Assessment
- Height and weight
- Recent weight gain
- Problems with eating (chewing, swallowing)
- Food preferences
- Complaints of indigetion
- Use of laxtaives or fiber
- Recent weight loss
- Food allergies
- Food restrictions (medical or religious)
- Supplements taken
- Eliminations habits
- 24 hours food intake
Client Need
- Health promotion and maintenance
Nursing Intervenrtions
- Instruction on Nutrition based on individul needs
- Record 24-hour intake and analyzed based on basic four food groups
Patient Teaching
Nutrional teaching for pregnant woman should emphasize:
- Eating three meals a day or more frequent, smaller meals
- Include snacks of fruit, vegetables, cheese, milk two to three times a day
- Six (8 oz) glasses of water a day
- Tatol fluid intake should be 8-10 (8 oz) glasses per day
- Eat variety of foods, including the minimum from the recommended daily amounts fopr pregnancy and lactation.
Basic Four Food Pyramid Guide
Food Group Serving Recommended
During Pregnancy During Lactation
Dairy Products:
Milk, Cheese, Yogurt, Cottage cheese, Ice Cream
Four 8-oz cups Four 8-oz cups
Serving Recommended during Pregnancy: Four 8-oz cups; 1 cup milk = 1 1/2 oz. cheese, 1 c. yogurt, 1 1/2 c. cottage cheese, 1 1/2 c. ice cream.
Servings Recommended during Lactation: Four 8-oz cups
Beef, Pork, Poultry, fish, eggs, Legumes, Nuts, Seeds, Peanut butter
Serving Recommended during Pregnancy: Three Servings; 1 serving = 2 oz, 1 serving =
1/2 c. legumes, 1 T. peanut butter.
Servings Recommended during Lactation: Three Servings
Grains Products:
Breads, cereal, Pasta, Rice
Serving Recommended during Pregnancy: Four ervings, 1 serving = 1 sliced bread ,3/4 c. or 1 oz cereal, 1/2 c. psta, 1/2 c. rice.
Servings Recommended during Lactation: Four servings
Fruits and Vegetables:
Leafy green vegetables;
*deep yellow vegetables: carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, Tomatoes.
*green vegetables: Peas, Green beans, broccoli, Beets, Cabbage, Potatoes, corn
Serving Recommended during Pregnancy 
At least one serving of dark green or deep
yellow vegetable for vitamin A). one serving = 1/2-1 c. vegetable, 2 tomatoes, 1 medium potato.
Servings Recommended during Lactation: Two to three servings
*Fats
Butter, Cream, Nuts, Cream cheese, avocadoes, Oil
Serving Recommended during Pregnancy: One serving = 1 tsp butter, 2 T. cream, 1 oz. ]
cream cheese, 1 med. avocado.
Servings Recommended during Lactation: One Serving
*Alhough fats are not offically a food group, they are essential because they supply Vitamins A and D and essential fatty acids, especially Linoleic acid.
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