Sample NCLEX Questions for Pharmacologies Therapies
1. A neighbor tells a nurse he has to have surgery and is reluctant to have any blood product transfusions because of a fear of contracting an infection. He asks the nurse what are his options. The nurse teaches the person that the safest blood product is:
a. An allogenic product.
b. A directed donation product.
c. An autologous product.
d. A cross-matched product.
Answer C
Rationale: This process is the collection and reinfusion of the patient’s own blood. It is recommended by the American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs as the safest product since it eliminates recipient incompatibility and infection. The product in option 1 is collected from a blood donor other than the recipient. The process in option 2 is also collected from a blood donor other than the recipient, but the donor is known to the recipient and is usually a family member or friend. Cross-matching significantly enhances compatibility. It does not detect infection.
2. A severely immunocompromised patient requires a blood transfusion. To prevent GVHD, the physician will order:
a. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl).
b. The transfusion to be administered slowly over several hours.
c. Irradiation of the donor blood.
d. Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
Answer C
Rationale: This process eliminates white blood cell functioning, thus, preventing GVHD. Diphenhydramine HCl is an antihistamine. It is use prior to a blood transfusion decreases the likelihood of a transfusion reaction. Option 2 will not prevent GVHD. Use of acetaminophen prevents and treats the common side effects of blood administration caused by the presence of white blood cells in the transfusion product: fever, headache, and chills.
3. A patient who is to receive a blood transfusion asks the nurse what is the most common type of infection he could receive from the transfusion. The nurse teaches him that approximately 1 in 250,000 patients contract:
a. Human immunodeficiency disease (HIV).
b. Hepatitis C infection.
c. Hepatitis B infection.
d. West Nile viral disease.
Answer C
Rationale: Hepatitis B is the most common infection spread via blood transfusion. Donors are screened by a questionnaire that includes symptoms. The donated blood is also tested for infection. The risk of infection with the agents in options 2 and 3 has decreased to approximately 1 in 2 million secondary to donor questioning and donor blood testing. The incidence of West Nile viral transmission is unknown, but donor infection is still relatively rare.
4. A patient with blood type AB, Rh factor positive needs a blood transfusion. The Transfusion Service (blood bank) sends type O, Rh factor negative blood to the unit for the nurse to infuse into this patient. The nurse knows that:
a. This donor blood is incompatible with the patient’s blood.
b. Premedicating the patient with diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) will prevent any transfusion reactions or side effects.
c. This is a compatible match.
d. The patient is at minimal risk receiving this product since it is the first time he has been transfused with type O, Rh negative blood.
Answer C
Rationale: Type O, Rh negative blood has none of the major antigens and is safely administered to patients of all blood types. It is also known as the universal donor. Premedicating with these agents will not prevent a major transfusion reaction if the blood type and Rh factors of the donor blood are incompatible with the recipient’s blood.
5. The physician orders 250 milliliters of packed red blood cells (RBC) for a patient. This therapy is administered for treatment of:
a. Thrombocytopenia.
b. Anemia.
c. Leukopenia.
d. Hypoalbuminemia.
Answer B
Rationale: A red blood cell transfusion is used to correct anemia in patients in which the low red blood cell count must be rapidly corrected. RBC transfusion will not correct a low platelet count. RBC transfusion will not correct a low white blood cell count. Packed RBCs contain very little plasma and, thus, only a small amount of albumin. This amount will not correct low albumin levels.
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